软件测试最常用的 SQL 命令 :通过实例掌握基本查询、条件查询、聚合查询本文为霍格沃兹测试学院优秀学员学习笔记,汇总了软件测试人员经常使用,必须掌握的 SQL 基础命令,想一起系统进阶测试开发技术的同学文末加群交流。1、DML核心CRUD增删改查缩写全称和对应 SQL:* DML 数据操纵语言:Data Manipulation Language * Create 增加:insert * Retrieve 查询:select * Update 更新:update * Delete 删除:delete 2、SQL基本查询2.1 常用SQL总结* 基本查询:select * from table_name* 字段查询:select fileds from table_name * 条件查询:select * from table_name where a=1 * 排序:select * from table_name order by b desc * 分页:select * from table_name order limit 10 offset 0 * 去重:select distinct fileds from table_name 2.2 实操演示现在有这样一个公司部门人员各个信息的数据库,包含了如下几个表:departments 部门表字段: dept_emp 雇员部门表字段: dept_manager领导部门表字段: employees雇员表字段: salaries薪资表字段: titles岗位表字段: 基本查询-查询departments表的所有数据 · select * from departments; 字段查询-查询employees表里所有的雇佣日期hire_date · select hire_date from employees; 条件查询-查询employees表里所有男性员工M · select * from employees where gender='M'; 排序-查询departments表里的所有部门并按部门序号进行从小到大排序展示 · select * from departments order by dept_no; 若是想要按部门序号从大到小进行排序的话就可以使用DESC: · select * from departments order by dept_no desc; 分页-将departments表按部门序号进行从小到大排序后取前4个 · select * from departments order by dept_no limit 4; 再取偏移量offset为3后的前4个 · select * from departments order by dept_no limit 4 offset 3; 去重-现在想知道titles表中的岗位头衔有多少种,就需要对title进行去重处理 · select distinct title from titles; 3、其他SQL条件查询Where基本条件查询在上述已经说明:· select * from table_name where a=1 其余条件查询SQL: * and or not * 相等: = * 数字比较:等于= 大于> 小于< 不等<> * LIKE通配:% _ * BETWEEN AND * IN 实操演示: LIKE通配-现在要取出employees里所有名字为C开头的人 · select * from employees where first_name like 'C%'; 再取employees里所有名字为C开头,第3个字母为y的人 · select * from employees where first_name like 'C_y%'; BETWEEN AND-查询employees中字母顺序显示名字在“Anneke”(包括)和“Chirstian”(包括)的人 · select * from employees where first_name between 'Anneke' and 'Chirstian'; IN-现在,要从employees表中选取姓氏为 ‘Simmel’和’Peir’ 的人 · select * from employees where last_name in ('Simmel','Peir'); 4、聚合查询4.1 常用聚合查询SQL* GROUP BY、 HAVING* COUNT,MAX,MIN,SUM,AVG * select count(gender),gender from employees group by gender; * select count(gender),gender from employees group by gender having gender='F'; 4.2 实操演示GROUP BY、SUM-现取salaries表中各个员工emp_no的薪资总和· select emp_no,sum(salary) from salaries group by emp_no; HAVING-现在接着上一步,取员工总薪资大于1000000的员工 · select emp_no,sum(salary) from salaries group by emp_no having sum(salary)>1000000; COUNT、AVG-取salaries表中薪资排名前100名的平均薪资(需要利用子查询) · select avg(salary) from (select salary from salaries order by salary desc limit 100) as s; 参考链接SQLW3C: https://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/sql_having.asp |